What is the difference between Widal test and typhidot test?

The Widal test is both quantitative as well as qualitative and it can tell the titres of specific antibodies. The typhidot separately identifies IgM and IgG antibodies against the bacteria. IgM shows recent infection where as IgG signifies remote infection. The Typhidot test only gives result as positive or negative.

Is typhidot better than widal?

In this study, typhidot showed better figures of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and overall diagnostic accuracy than that of Widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid against a reference of positive blood cultures and this would help early diagnosis and also early institution of therapy.

Is typhidot same as widal?

The Dot-EIA (enzyme immunoassay; typhidot) is a more sensitive and specific test which is easy to perform and more reliable compared to the Widal test and that it is useful in early therapy.

What happens if Widal test is negative?

Widal test negative means that a person does not have enteric fever, and there is another infection causing the symptoms. The titre value of antigen O and H is below 1:160 in the sample.

How is typhoid confirmed?

A diagnosis of typhoid fever can usually be confirmed by analysing samples of blood, poo (stools) or pee (urine). These will be examined under a microscope for the Salmonella typhi bacteria that cause the condition. The bacteria aren’t always detected the first time, so you may need to have a series of tests.

When is Widal test positive?

The Widal test is positive if TO antigen titer is more than 1:160 in an active infection, or if TH antigen titer is more than 1:160 in past infection or in immunized persons. A single Widal test is of little clinical relevance especially in endemic areas such as Indian subcontinent, Africa and South-east Asia.

Is typhoid contagious by touch?

You can get typhoid fever by eating food or drinking water that’s contaminated with feces. This often happens due to someone not washing their hands after going to the bathroom. You can also get typhoid fever through close contact with someone who has it.

Why Widal test is not recommended?

In conclusion, Widal test is not reliable for diagnosis of typhoid fever since false positive and negative results are common. In addition, Widal test recorded poor agreement with the blood culture (kappa = 0.014, p < 0.05) while stool culture had strong agreement with the blood culture (kappa = 0.22, p < 0.05).

Which organ is affected by typhoid?

After the infection, bacteria reach the bloodstream from where it reaches different organs thus causing various symptoms. The gastrointestinal tract is more severely affected including liver, spleen, and muscles. Through bloodstream, bacteria can also reach gallbladder, lungs, and kidneys.

Which organ of human body is mainly affected by typhoid?

What is the starting stage of typhoid?

In early stages of the disease, symptoms include: abdominal pain, fever, and a general feeling of being unwell. These initial symptoms are similar to other illnesses. As typhoid fever gets worse, symptoms often include: High fever of up to 104 degrees Fahrenheit.

What is O and H in Widal test?

The traditional Widal test measures antibodies against flagellar (H) and somatic (O) antigens of the causative organism. In acute infection, O antibody appears first, rising progressively, later falling and often disappearing within a few months. H antibody appears a little later but persists for longer.

Can a Widal test be negative for typhoid?

WIDAL TEST: The Widal test as a diagnostic modality has suboptimal sensitivity and specificity, it can be negative in upto 30% of culture proven cases of typhoid fever. Suboptimal sensitivity results from negativity in early infection and prior antibiotic therapy.

How many typhidot test results are positive for IgM?

The test was performed on 30 Widal positive sera, 30 sera from blood culture positive patients, 60 Widal negative sera and 30 samples from patients whose blood culture grew Gram negative bacilli (GNB) other than Salmonella Typhi. Results: Typhidot test was positive for both IgG and IgM in 39 samples, IgM alone in 24 and IgG alone in 2.

How is the Typhidot blood test carried out?

Methods: The Typhidot test was carried out on coded sera according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The test was performed on 30 Widal positive sera, 30 sera from blood culture positive patients, 60 Widal negative sera and 30 samples from patients whose blood culture grew Gram negative bacilli (GNB) other than Salmonella Typhi.

What can cause a false positive Widal’s test?

Serologic and Molecular Diagnosis. A false-negative Widal’s test may result from the assay being performed early in the course of illness and a false-positive Widal’s test is more likely in an area of high endemnicity where antibodies may represent past infection.