How is microemulsion formed?
The formulation is prepared above the melting point of the lipid to form the microemulsion. Lipid (fatty acid or glycerides) is dissolved; surfactant, cosurfactant, and active ingredient solution in water is heated to the same temperature and the resulting mixture is added to the lipids.
What is the microemulsion method?
Microemulsion polymerization is a complex heterogeneous process where transport of monomers, free radicals and other species (such as chain transfer agent, co-surfactant and inhibitors) between the aqueous and organic phases, takes place.
What is microemulsion method for nanoparticle synthesis?
Controllable particles sizes of starch nanoparticles were synthesized via a precipitation in water-in-oil microemulsion approach. Microemulsion method offers the advantages of ultralow interfacial tension, large interfacial area, and being thermodynamically stable and affords monodispersed nanoparticles.
How do you synthesize silver nanoparticles by microemulsion approach?
In this approach, one microemulsion that contains Ag ions is mixed with another microemulsion that contains the reducing agent, as shown in Figure 2. Collisions and coalescence of droplets result in a reduction of Ag ions inside the water core and gives a Ag precipitate.
What is the size of microemulsion?
Conventionally, the term, ‘microemulsion’ refers to a thermodynamically stable, isotropic emulsion with a droplet size of 1–100 nm. For macroemulsions, both sound (acoustics, electroacoustics) and visible light (turbidimetry, nephelometry, laser diffraction) can be used to characterize the droplet size.
What is Solvothermal process?
Solvothermal synthesis route is a process taking place in a closed system that requires high temperatures and pressures to induce a chemical reaction or decomposition of the precursor materials to form the desired compound directly from a solution.
How silver nanoparticles are formed?
The synthesis of silver nanoparticles by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction occurs by the following reaction: Ag+ + BH4− + 3 H2O → Ag0 +B(OH)3 +3.5 H. The reduced metal atoms will form nanoparticle nuclei. Overall, this process is similar to the above reduction method using citrate.
What is microemulsion cream?
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, colloidal drug carrier system extensively used by the scientists for effective drug delivery across the skin. It is a spontaneous isotropic mixture of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances stabilized by suitable surfactant and co-surfactant.
When does the dilution of microemulsion take place?
Dilution can take place after administration whereby the ME can mix with biological fluids such as the tears or the sweat after ocular or skin application, respectively. Dilution can take place after intramuscular injection or oral administration as well. The volatile component can evaporate after topical application.
What kind of applications can microemulsions be used for?
Microemulsion 1 Microemulsions for Cleaning Applications 2 Oil Recovery. 3 Phase transition microemulsions as drug delivery systems. 4 Emulsifiers. 5 Dispersions, emulsions, and foams. 6 Surfactants, Industrial Applications. 7 Emulsifiers. 8 Dispersions, Emulsions, and Foams. 9 Alcohol Fuel Cells
What kind of liquid system is a microemulsion?
Microemulsions (MEs) are isotropic transparent liquid systems of water, oil, and amphiphile. ME systems exist in three different forms depending on the components of the ME with the water content playing an integral role in determination of the phase behavior of the developed systems.
Why is microemulsion not used for oil recovery?
The injected slug of microemulsion depends on many parameters, including reservoir temperature, water salinity, and crude oil type. Because of its complexity, cost, and other concerns, microemulsion flooding is not used often for oil recovery.