What is the process of salinisation?
Salinization is the process by which water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil. Salinization is a resource concern because excess salts hinder the growth of crops by limiting their ability to take up water. Salinization may occur naturally or because of conditions resulting from management practices.
What is the meaning of salinisation?
noun. the process by which a nonsaline soil becomes saline, as by the irrigation of land with brackish water.
What are the causes of salinisation?
What Causes Soil Salinization?
- dry climates and low precipitations when excessive salts are not flushed from the earth;
- high evaporation rate, which adds salts to the ground surface;
- poor drainage or waterlogging when salts are not washed due to a lack of water transportation;
What is salinization and alkalinization?
Sodicity refers to the amount of sodium present in a soil. Alkalinization is the process of rise in pH during the accumulation of sodium carbonates (this process is explained in more detail in the section “Formation of Soil Carbonates and Alkalinity”).
What are the root causes behind salinization?
Salinity and the reclamation of salinized lands Salinization is caused by flooding or inundation with saline waters, breaching of dykes, storm surges, tsunamis, or the drying of large inland water bodies. Salinization can result where irrigation waters are compromised by salinity.
How do humans cause salinization?
The most influential human-induced factors are land use, farming systems, land management and land degradation. Inappropriate irrigation practices (such as the use of salt-rich irrigation water) and insufficient drainage both cause salinisation.
How can we prevent salinization?
Solutions include improving the efficiency of irrigation channels, capturing and treating salty drainage water, setting up desalting plants, and increasing the amount of water that gets into aquifers. Mulches to save water can also be applied to crops.
Where is salinization most severe in the world?
The most known regions where salt-induced land degradation takes place:
- the Aral Sea Basin (Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya River Basins) in Central Asia,
- the Indo-Gangetic Basin in India,
- the Indus Basin in Pakistan,
- the Yellow River Basin in China,
- the Euphrates Basin in Syria and Iraq,
- the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia,
What is the process of stabilization and solidification?
Stabilization and solidification (S/S) is a soil remediation process by which contaminants are rendered immobile through reactions with additives or processes. During this process, also called immobilization, fixation, or encapsulation, contaminants may be chemically bound or encapsulated into a matrix.
What is the difference between S / S and solidification?
S/S treatment is designed to immobilize contaminants within the media (soil or sediment) matrix, rather than removing them through chemical or physical treatment. Solidification refers to a process that uses a reagent to bind the contaminated media to encapsulate the COCs.
Why does poor soil management lead to salinization?
Maintaining the productivity of sodic soils requires control of the flocculation-dispersion behavior of the soil. Poor land management can also lead to anthropogenically induced secondary salinity.
How is the effectiveness of solidification used in Superfund?
In order to determine effectiveness of solidification for non- or semi- volatile organics, Superfund policy requires a treatability study on similar waste to ensure that the process would decrease the contaminant concentration by 90-99% (EPA, 1993).