How is paracetamol synthesized from phenol?
The starting material for the commercial manufacture of paracetamol is phenol, which is nitrated to give a mixture of the ortho and para-nitrotoluene. The o-isomer is removed by steam distillation, and the p-nitro group reduced to a p-amino group. This is then acetylated to give paracetamol.
What is the role of acetic acid in preparation of paracetamol?
In the synthesis, paracetamol is produced with acetic acid as a side product, which is also the solvent for the following crystallization process. In order to maximize the solubility of paracetamol, a range of solubility were examined by mixing acetic acid with various water contents at different temperatures.
How do you synthesize 4-aminophenol?
Two routes for the synthesis of 4-aminophenol are the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene [9,10], or the nitration of phenol followed by the chemical reduction of the resulting 4-nitrophenol by sodium borohydride although other reducing agents such as hydrazine have been used as well [[11], [12], [13]].
Is 4-aminophenol more polar than paracetamol?
None. They are two names for the same thing. The compound is called N-acetyl-para-acetylaminophenol. Paracetamol (or acetaminophen) is very soluble in methanol and ethanol and other slightly polar solvent.
How do you prepare a paracetamol reaction?
Paracetamol is made by reacting 4-aminophenol with ethanoic anhydride (more commonly called acetic anhydride). This reaction forms an amide bond and ethanoic acid as a by- product. When the reaction is complete the paracetamol is then isolated and purified.
Is 4-aminophenol soluble in water?
4-Aminophenol
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 284 °C (543 °F; 557 K) |
| Solubility in water | 1.5 g/100 mL |
| Solubility | Very soluble in dimethylsulfoxide Soluble in acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, and acetone Slightly soluble in toluene, diethyl ether, and ethanol Negligible solubility in benzene and chloroform |
| log P | 0.04 |
What is the Rf value of 4-aminophenol?
The Rf values were 0.18, 0.34, 0.69 and 0.76 for PAR, 4-AP, LOR and PSH, respectively.
How is paracetamol prepared from p-aminophenol anhydride?
Paracetamol is prepared from p- aminophenol by acetylating it with acetic anhydride in the presence of 3-4 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid The synthesis of the amide essentially just requires running the reaction under certain temperature conditions with an appropriate catalyst.
What are the steps in the synthesis of acetaminophen?
Synthesis of Acetaminophen. Techniques: Decolorization, Filtration, Crystallization, Craig tube use, Preparation of an Amide. Preparation of acetaminophen involves treating an amine with an acid anhydride to form an amide. In this case, p-aminophenol, the amine, is treated with acetic anhydride to form acetaminophen (p-acetamidophenol), the amide.
How is the amine p-aminophenol treated to form acetaminophen?
In this case, p-aminophenol, the amine, is treated with acetic anhydride to form acetaminophen (p-acetamidophenol), the amide. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) an analgesic and fever-reducing medicine similar in effect to aspirin. It is an active ingredient in many over-the-counter medicines, including Tylenol and Midol.
Which is the mechanism behind the antipyretic effect of paracetamol?
Activity of the drug on the hypothalamic heat-regulating centre is the mechanism behind the antipyretic effect, whereas analgesia is shown due to elevation of the pain-threshold.