What is the difference between levobupivacaine and bupivacaine?

Levobupivacaine is the s-isomer of racemic Bupivacaine. It is less cardio, neurotoxic and equally potent local anaesthetic compared to its racemate. It is known to cause less Depression of myocardial contractility. Dexmeditomidine when used via epidural route has synergistic effect with local anaesthetics.

Why is levobupivacaine (( S )- bupivacaine preferred clinically to Racaemic bupivacaine?

Levobupivacaine is a single-enantiomer preparation consisting of the S enantiomer of bupivacaine. Compared with racemic bupivacaine, levobupivacaine has considerably reduced CNS and cardiovascular toxicity, allowing a larger dose to be given.

Which local Anaesthetic is used for spinal Anaesthesia?

Lidocaine, tetracaine, and bupivacaine are the local anesthetic agents most commonly employed for spinal anesthesia in the U.S. Lidocaine provides a short duration of anesthesia and is primarily useful for surgical and obstetrical procedures lasting less than one hour.

What drug is used for spinal anesthesia?

All spinal anesthetics contain a local anesthetic and/or a narcotic. A drug named bupivacaine is the most commonly used local anesthetic in spinal anesthetics for Cesarean deliveries in North America. Another drug named fentanyl is the most commonly used narcotic.

What is bupivacaine injection used for?

Bupivacaine 0.25% and 0.5% solutions are used for the production of local anaesthesia by percutaneous infiltration, peripheral nerve block(s) and central neural block (caudal or epidural), that is, for specialist use in areas where prolonged anaesthesia is indicated.

What is Marcaine used for?

Marcaine is a prescription medicine used as local anesthesia, Caudal Block, Epidural Block and nerve blocks (peripheral and sympathetic), Spinal Anesthesia and Retrotubular Anesthesia. Marcaine may be used alone or with other medications.

How long will spinal anesthesia last?

Spinal anaesthetic usually lasts between 1 to 3 hours. The anaesthetist will stay with you throughout your surgery monitoring the level of drugs in your body and making sure they take effect for the duration of your procedure.

What are the side effects of bupivacaine?

Side Effects

• Burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, “pins and needles”, or tingling feelings.
• change or loss of taste.
• chest pain or discomfort.
• continuing ringing or buzzing or other unexplained noise in the ears.
• decrease in the frequency and amount of urine.
• difficult or painful urination.
• increased thirst.

How quickly does bupivacaine work?

On the other hand, Bupivacaine, has a slower onset of action (about 5-10 minutes after injection) but its effects last much longer, for about 4-8 hours. The delay in onset of action makes it a less popular option as a primary source of local anesthesia in outpatient hand surgery.