Why you think fungal spores cause spoilage in pharmaceutical industries?

The ability of fungi to produce degradative spoilage in products depends on their ability to synthesise appropriate enzymes. Fungal contaminants like Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. are the most common source of proteinase and peptidase enzymes causing breakdown of compounds such as gelatine.

What are the sources of contamination of pharmaceutical products?

Source of Microbial Contamination in Pharmaceutical products include: During manufacture, raw materials used, environmental sources, cleaning equipment, packaging, containers that are frequently re-used, repackaging of products, processing, storage and transportation.

What are types of pharmaceutical contamination?

The most commonly present contaminants found in pharmaceutical products are: Physical Contaminants: These may include chips, particles and fibre materials that may enter the manufacturing or packaging process and contaminate the entire batch. Pyrogenic Substances: These are micro-organisms that cause fever.

What are some of the most common contaminants of plant cultures?

Molds and yeasts are common problems that can affect your cultures. Bacterias and fungi tend to flourish in cultures and are quick to multiply, making them the most common contaminants in tissue culture labs.

What type of contamination is bacteria and fungi?

Microbiological contamination refers to the non-intended or accidental introduction of infectious material like bacteria, yeast, mould, fungi, virus, prions, protozoa or their toxins and by-products.

What are the 4 sources of contamination?

There are four main types of contamination: chemical, microbial, physical, and allergenic. All food is at risk of contamination from these four types.

How can we prevent pharmaceutical contamination?

Use appropriate personnel protective equipment when applicable. Use dedicated protective equipment for antibiotics, beta lactum, cytotoxic, hormones and drugs that are manufactured using live microorganisms. Change clothing after every product change or breaks. Guidelines for cleaning footwear should be provided.

What are the two main types of contaminants?

There are two different types of chemical contamination, natural and artificial. Natural chemical contamination refers to the existence of chemicals that occur naturally in food.

What are different types of contamination in tissue culture?

Different biological contaminants causing contamination in plant tissue culture processes are:

• Bacteria.
• Yeast.
• Molds.
• Viruses.
• Mycoplasmas.
• Cross-contamination from other cell lines.

How can you prevent fungal contamination in plant tissue culture?

Chemical fungicide like bavistin is used to prevent the contamination in tissue culture which raises the environmental concerns. Thus, use of microbially derived antifungals can help in preventing fungal growth with benefit of positively impacting the plant growth.