Does Chryseobacterium grow on MacConkey Agar?

Most strains of C. indologenes do not grow on MacConkey agar, but grow well on blood agar after 24 h incubation at 37°C [3-4]. This bacteria produces a biofilm on foreign materials (i.e., indwelling devices) and protease activity that may play an important role in the virulence of invasive infections [4, 9].

Where is Chryseobacterium found?

Chryseobacterium indologenes (previously classified as Flavobacterium indologenes) is a Gram‐negative rod organism found in soil and plants. Although this bacterium only rarely causes human disease, it is sometimes found in food and water sources, usually in hospitals as a nosocomial transinfection 1, 2, 3.

What is the shape of Chryseobacterium Indologenes?

C. indologenes is a yellow-pigmented, non-motile, oxidase positive, glucose non-fermentative, Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature.

Is Enterobacter a bacteria?

What are Enterobacteriaceae? Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes a number of pathogens such as Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Proteus, Serratia and other species.

What is stenotrophomonas infection?

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental global emerging Gram-negative MDRO that is most commonly associated with respiratory infections in humans. It can cause various serious infections in humans.

How do you get rid of Enterobacteriaceae?

Treatment / Management Possible treatments include carbapenems, beta-lactams, beta-lactamase inhibitors, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. First and second-generation cephalosporins are generally not effective against Enterobacter infections.

What does Stenotrophomonas cause?

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a globally emerging pathogen that causes serious infectious complications in immunocompromised patients in particular. It also exhibits a wide range of drug resistance mechanisms and this complicates the management of infections caused by this GNB.

How long do you treat Stenotrophomonas?

Learning Objectives: Data on optimal treatment duration for stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. Maltophilia) pneumonia infections are largely based on anecdotal evidence and case reports. Most cases are treated for 14 to 21 days or longer.

What kind of infection is caused by Chryseobacterium indologenes?

Chryseobacterium spp. are Gram-negative, aerobic, nonfermentative, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive nonmotile bacilli that produce yellow to orange pigment. We report three cases of complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Chryseobacterium indologenes in patients with obstructive uropathy.

What kind of oxidase is found in c.indologenes?

Catalase, oxidase, phosphatase and strong proteolytic activities are observed in C. indologenes as well as oxidation of carbohydrates. Glycerol and trehalose are not oxidized. C. indologenes is also capable of degrading esculin, DNA, starch and Tween-80 and produces indol.

What are the clinical features of Chryseobacterium?

Clinical prescriptions of colistin, tigecycline, and daptomycin were expressed as the total daily doses in 3 months per 1000 patient-days (DDD/1000PD). Mortality due to C indologenes bacteremia was defined as death within 14 days of onset of bacteremia with no other identified cause of death.

How does c.indologenes respire in anaerobic conditions?

C. indologenes is a nonfastidious, chemo-organotrophic organism that can respire in anaerobic conditions with nitrate or fumarate used as the terminal electron acceptor. Acid is produced from D-fructose, D-glucose, glycerol, maltose, trehalose, glycogen and mannose, but not from lactose, L-arabinose, ethanol, sucrose, or D-xylose.